Bandhavgarh’s Bison Project 2: Although Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is primarily known for its tigers, it is now on the verge of becoming equally famous for its bison also known as Gaur. In a significant conservation initiative, the reserve's management has launched Bison Project 2, aimed at increasing the healthy bison population. Under this project, 50 healthy Indian bisons will be introduced into the dense forests of Bandhavgarh, marking an important step toward enhancing biodiversity.
Plans nearly complete
Deputy Director of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, P.K. Verma, shared that preparations to bring 50 bison from Satpura Tiger Reserve are nearly complete. The transfer is expected to take place either at the beginning or end of January 2025. These bison will be released as part of Bison Project 2, designed to boost the genetic health and overall population of bison in Bandhavgarh.
50 bisons were introduced from Kanha
Contrary to the assumption that bison are a rare sight in the reserve, Bandhavgarh already has a thriving population. In 2011-12, 50 bison were introduced from Kanha Tiger Reserve, and their numbers have now grown to approximately 170. These bison roam in herds across the Magadhi, Kallwah, and Tala ranges of the reserve, indicating a successful growth in population.
Bisons from Kanha have been inbreeding
Despite the increasing population, bringing new bison from Satpura is crucial. According to P.K. Verma, a study conducted by the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, revealed that the bisons from Kanha have been inbreeding, leading to genetic problems such as weakened immunity and reduced disease resistance.
Satpura's bison possess genetic differences
The genetic pool of Kanha and Pench bison is nearly identical, whereas Satpura's bison possess genetic differences that can help strengthen the overall gene pool in Bandhavgarh. Introducing Satpura bison will enhance genetic diversity, bolster disease resistance, and ensure a healthier bison population over time.
Research-Backed Initiative
The decision to bring in new bison was based on extensive research. Samples were collected and analyzed to assess the genetic health of the existing population. The findings were compiled into a detailed research paper and submitted to the Principal Chief Conservator of Wildlife (PCC Wildlife), who then sought approval from the Government of India. Permission was granted, paving the way for the implementation of Bison Project 2 in early 2025.
Temporary Enclosure for the Incoming Bison
Upon arrival, the bisons from Satpura will be housed in a specially constructed 50-hectare enclosure within the Kallwah range of Bandhavgarh. They will be monitored closely for 30 days to ensure their health and adaptation before being released into the wild. This acclimatization period is critical for a smooth transition and successful integration into their new habitat.
Role of Bison in Maintaining Ecological Balance
Bison play a vital role in maintaining the forest ecosystem. By consuming thick grasses, they make way for the growth of softer grass, which becomes a food source for other herbivores such as cheetal and sambar. This not only supports a diverse range of wildlife but also helps maintain the ecological balance in the reserve. As a keystone species, bisons indirectly influence the population dynamics of predators and other herbivores in the forest.
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